Participatory research led by UTS Jumbunna Institute, in partnership with AbSec and community organisations, drew on interviews with 37 participants to examine NSW child protection and OOHC systems. The study identified systemic paternalism, racially‑influenced removals, policy misalignment, and inadequate cultural recognition. The research provides an evidence base for reforming child protection and OOHC policy in NSW, advocating community‑driven change, family restoration, and genuine First Nations self‑determination. It also highlights potential long‑term cost savings if early intervention, prevention and restoration are prioritised over removals, improving resource allocation and reducing system expenditure. The findings point to significant positive impacts - including reduced trauma, stronger family and community cohesion, and renewed trust in institutions - if policy shifts towards First Nations knowledge and community leadership. Current approaches, by contrast, continue cycles of disconnection, cost, and intergenerational harm.